Study construction and members

The Federal Survey from Ladies’ Fitness was a cross-sectional, community-centered examination of women residing in about three socioeconomic areas of Asia: east (Jiangsu and you may Shandong provinces), central (Hunan and you can Anhui provinces), and you may west (Shanxi and Sichuan provinces). Briefly, one to metropolitan and one outlying elements had been chosen once the data internet in per province, therefore we hired feminine old 10–70 ages by a multiple-phase stratified haphazard party sampling at each and every analysis webpages. Face-to-face interviews were presented to collect information about demographic attributes, health background, apparent symptoms of depression and you can anxiety, menopause episodes (only compiled in females aged ? forty years) by using an organized questionnaire. Certainly 7,727 players aged forty–sixty ages, the current investigation try simply for 7,275 participants. People meeting another conditions have been excluded (letter = 452): incomplete studies range to have depressive symptoms (n = 84) or stress periods (letter = 72); women who was indeed from inside the fake menopause (n = 244); women who took estrogen in earlier times 6 months (n = 67); and ladies who got gynecological cancers (n = 78). This study try approved by the Ethical Comment Panel of Chinese Heart to have Problem Handle and you may Reduction (principles password: 201,810), as well as people provided a written informed consent.

Assessment out-of depressive and you will stress attacks

The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was used to evaluate the presence of depressive symptoms during the past 14 days . The Chinese version of the PHQ-9 has been used by several studies performed in Chinese populations, and has been proven to be adequate reliability and validity . The PHQ-9 contains 9 items based on the diagnosis criteria of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV, with a summed score ranging from 0 to 27. Continue reading →